http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/09/06/school-reform-and-student-motivation.html
The larger cause of failure is
almost unmentionable: shrunken student motivation. Students, after all,
have to do the work. If the students aren’t motivated, even capable
teachers may fail. Motivation comes from many sources: curiosity and
ambition; parental expectations; the desire to get into a “good”
college; inspiring or intimidating teachers; peer pressure. The unstated
assumption of much school “reform” is that if students aren’t
motivated, it’s mainly the fault of schools and teachers. The reality is
that, as high schools have become more inclusive (in 1950, 40 percent
of 17-year-olds had dropped out) and adolescent culture has
strengthened, the authority of teachers and schools has eroded. That
applies more to high schools than to elementary schools, which helps
explain why early achievement gains evaporate.
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